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Mu'awiyah was proclaimed Caliph in 660; the Caliphate passed down his descendants until they were replaced by the Abbasids in 750. Their capital was Damascus, in Syria. One alone of the Ummayads escaped Abbasid extermination, and continued the line of the caliphate in Spain.

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Ummayad - Cordoba
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Ummawiyys - Article summarizing the dynasty, with a listing of rulers and dates. From Encyclopaedia of the Orient. The Art of the Umayyad Period (661-750 A.D.) - An online exhibition by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, explores the formative contribution of the period to the development of Islamic art. Ceremonial and Art at the Umayyad Court - An extract from Oleg Grabar's PhD dissertation; the development of royal ceremonial under the Umayyads went hand in hand with the formation of the theory of the caliphate, as a partiarchal rulership transformed into a royal one Umayyad Caliphate - This outline focuses on its impact in Syria, and relations with the Christian community. Umayyad Dirhams and their Mints - Explores the production of coinage in the Umayyad Caliphate; includes a list of mints, photos of coins, and a bibliography. The Umayyad Great Mosque, Damascus - A photograph of the exterior of the mosque.

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