Amir Alptigin, a Turkish Mamluk of the Samanids, was promoted to governorship of Khurasan, but fell our of favour. He captured Ghaznah from its Afghan rulers, and established an independent realm - which developed to control Aghanistan, Punjab, parts of Persia and India. Lasted from 977 to 1186, but in its later years, their capital was Lahore.