Knowledge Representation - The cover art for John Sowa's book is Ramon Lull's tree of nature and logic. It is reproduced here, along with Sowa's explanation. The Birth of the Machine: Raymundus Lullus and His Invention - Synopsis of an address by Werner Künzel, in which he discusses Lullus's logic machine, its use and abuse by Athanasius Kircher, and its influence on Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Catholic Encyclopedia: Raymond Lully - Biobibliographical article on Ramon Lull, who is called "Doctor Illuminatus." MacTutor History of Mathematics: Ramon Llull - Biography, major works, importance in mathematics. Ramon Lull Chronology - A historical timeline of his life. Hebraica Veritas?: Ramón Llull - Two illustrations from an 18th-century edition of his works, linked to a short biography. Lully, Raymond - Short biography. The "Good Upbringing" of Ramon Llull's Blanquerna - Although scholars sometimes eagerly look to Llull's "Book of Blanquerna" for information on elementary and secondary education in medieval Spain, it is at least as interesting for what it can tell us about Llull's cultural ideal. Raymund Lull, First Missionary to the Moslems - Full text of biographical book by Samuel M. Zwemer. Each chapter in its own file. Also available for download as a zip file. Ramón Lull - Long biographical essay. Lullus, Reymundus (1235-1312) - Short biography, illustrated by early 16th-century woodcuts.