Duccio di Buoninsegna - Painter, and founder of the Sienese School, b. about 1255 or 1260, place not known; d. 3 August, 1319. Delacroix, Ferdinand-Victor-Eugène - Artist's biography with bibliography. Deprés, Josquin - Article about his life and work, especially the religious dynamic in his compositions. Dante Alighieri - An annotated (in linked hypertext) biography of the poet. Dryden, John - Introductory biography of the poet and dramatist. Descartes, René - Philosopher and scientist, born at La Haye France, 31 March, 1596; died at Stockholm, Sweden, 11 February 1650. Deer, Abbey of - A once famous Scotch monastery. According to the Celtic legend St. Columcille, his disciple Drostan, and others, went from Hy (Iona) into Buchan and established an important missionary centre at Deer on the banks of the Ugie on lands given him by the mormaer or chief of the district whose son he had by his prayers freed of a dangerous illness. Drostan, Saint - Scottish abbot and later hermit, fl. about 600. Also known as St. Drustan, Dustan, or Throstan. Dlugosz, Jan - Short biography of Krakow's and Poland's preeminent medieval historian. De Soto, Hernando - Explorer and conqueror, born at Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain, 1496 or 1500; died on the banks of the Mississippi the latter part of June, 1542. Decius - Roman Emperor 249-251. Domitian - Roman emperor and persecutor of the Church, son of Vespasian and younger brother and successor of the Emperor Titus; b. 24 Oct., A.D. 51, and reigned from 81 to 96. Diocletian - Roman Emperor and persecutor of the Church, b. of parents who had been slaves, at Dioclea, near Salona, in Dalmatia, A.D. 245; d. at Salona, A.D. 313. Democracy, Christian - Article representing Christian democracy as the ensemble of Catholic doctrine, organization, and action in the field of popular social questions. Digby, Sir Kenelm - Physicist, naval commander and diplomatist, b. at Gayhurst (Goathurst), Buckinghamshire, England, 11 July, 1603; d. in Covent Garden, Westminster, 11 June, 1665. Donoso Cortés, Juan Francesco Maria de la Saludad - Primarily biographical article by Condé B. Pallen on the Spanish thinker. Deism - Historical survey and critique. Delilah - The woman who deceived and betrayed Samson. David, King - In the Bible the name David is borne only by the second king of Israel, the great-grandson of Boaz and Ruth. Dan - The fifth son of Jacob, being the elder of the two sons born to him by Bala, the handmaid of Rachel, and the eponymous ancestor of the tribe bearing the same name. Daniel - The hero and traditional author of the book which bears his name. Debbora - Prophetess and judge, wife of Lapidoth and endowed by God with prophetic gifts which secured for her the veneration of the divided Israelitic tribes and gave her great authority over them. Dunstan, Saint - Long biographical essay on this tenth-century Anglo-Saxon archbishop and confessor. Desiderius of Cahors, Saint - Bishop of Cahors, promoted monasticism, d. 655. Dionysius of Alexandria, Saint - Also called Dionysius the Great. Bishop, d. 264 or 265. Deusdedit, Saint - First Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 664. Dominic, Saint - Biography of the founder of the Order of Preachers, d. 1221. Dinooth, Saint - Founder and first abbot of Bangor on the Dee, fl. 500-542. Dichu, Saint - The son of an Ulster chieftain, was the first convert of St. Patrick in Ireland. Dionysius, Saint - Bishop of Corinth about 170. Dubric, Saint - Welsh bishop and confessor, d. 612. Also called St. Dubricius or Dyfrig. Dunchadh, Saint - Abbot of Iona, confessor, d. 717. Also known as St. Dunichad, Duncad, or Donatus. Darerca, Saint - Sister of St. Patrick and the mother of many saints. Disibod, Saint - Irish-born abbot and bishop, d. 700. Deicolus, Saint - Or Dichuil. Elder brother of St. Gall and missionary companion of St. Columbanus. Deicolus died in 625. Deusdedit, Pope Saint - Also known as Pope Adeodatus I, d. 618. David, Saint - Also known as Dewi or Degui. Biography of this bishop and confessor, the patron saint of Wales. Dionysius, Pope Saint - Elected towards the end of a wave of persecution. Dionysius opposed the errors of the Sabellians and Marcionites, and died in 268. Diarmaid, Saint - Brief biographies of two Irish saints of this name. The first mentioned was Archbishop of Armagh, and died in 851 or 852. The second, St. Diarmaid the Just, was a monastic founder and distinguished writer of the mid-sixth century. Donnan, Saint - Three or possibly four Irish saints of this name lived in the sixth and seventh centuries. Damasus I, Pope Saint - Damasus, who had to contend with an antipope, condemned Apollinarianism, and persuaded St. Jerome to undertake the revision of the Latin Bible, died in 384. Demetrius, Saint - The first bishop of Alexandria of whom anything is known. Appointed Origen as head of the Catechetical School and later condemned him for being ordained to the presbyterate without authorization. Demetrius died in 231. Denis, Saint - Bishop of Paris, martyred along with his deacons Rusticus and Eleutherius in about 275. Docetæ - Docetism, from the Greek "dokeo" (to seem, to appear) was the contention that Christ merely seemed to be human and only appeared to be born, to suffer, and to die. Already in New Testament times, the Gospel of John opposes Docetism, and so do Ignatius, Irenaeus, and other Fathers. Donatists - The Donatist schism in Africa began in 311 and flourished just one hundred years, until the conference at Carthage in 411, after which its importance waned. Delphine, Blessed - Third Order Franciscan, the wife of St. Elzéar. She died in 1358. Damien, Father (Joseph de Veuster) - Biography of the Belgian missionary priest to the leper colony on Molokai. Daniel, Saint, and Companions - Franciscan missionaries and martyrs, d. 10 October, 1227. Didacus, Saint - Franciscan lay brother, d. 1463. Daniel Comboni, Saint - Short biographical profile of this nineteenth-century Italian missionary to Africa. Denys the Carthusian, Blessed - Sometimes called the last of the Schoolmen, devoted to prayer, avid reader whose favorite author was Pseudo-Dionysius. Author of commentaries, sermons, and theological and philosophical treatises. He died in 1471. Dorothea, Saint - Brief hagiographies of two saints of this name: St. Dorothea, virgin and martyr, d. at Caesarea; and St. Dorothea of Montau. Dymphna, Saint - Virgin and martyr, venerated since at least the thirteenth century. Danti, Ignazio - Mathematician and cosmographer, b. at Perugia, Italy, 1537; d. at Alatri, 19 Oct., 1586. Duvergier de Hauranne, Jean - One of the authors of Jansenism, b. at Bayonne, France, 1581; d. in Paris, 1643. Dumont, Hubert-André - Belgian geologist, b. at Liège, 15 Feb., 1809; d. in the same city, 28 Feb., 1857. Durbin, Elisha John - The "Patriarch-priest of Kentucky", born 1 February, 1800; died in 1887. Duvernay, Ludger - A French-Canadian journalist and patriot, born at Verchères, Quebec, 22 January, 1799; died 28 November, 1852. Domesday Book - The name given to the record of the great survey of England made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-86. Dubois, John - Third Bishop of New York, educator and missionary, b. in Paris, 24 August, 1764; d. in New York, 20 December, 1842. Dacier, Anne - The wife of André Dacier, born at Saumur in 1651; died 17 April 1720. Durham Rite - The earliest document giving an account of liturgical services in the Diocese of Durham is the so-called "Rituale ecclesiæ Dunelmensis". Damascus - It is mentioned in the Bible at the time of Abraham (Gen., xiv, 15; xv, 2); also on the pylons of Karnak, among the Syrian cities captured by the Pharaoh Touthmes III. Doyle, John - Born in Dublin, Ireland, 1797; died in London, 2 January, 1868; English portrait-painter and caricaturist. Dalmatic - The outer liturgical vestment of the deacon. Dungal - Irish monk, teacher, astronomer, and poet who flourished about 820. Dulia - A theological term signifying the honour paid to the saints, while latria means worship given to God alone, and hyperdulia the veneration offered to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Duty - The definition of the term duty given by lexicographers is: "something that is due", "obligatory service"; "something that one is bound to perform or to avoid". Dwight, Thomas - American anatomist. (1843-1911) Danaba - A titular see of Phænicia Secunda. Dance of Death - Originally a species of spectacular play akin to the English moralities. It has been traced back to the middle of the fourteenth century. Daniel, Book of - In the Hebrew Bible, and in most recent Protestant versions, the Book of Daniel is limited to its proto-canonical portions. In the Septuagint, the Vulgate, and many other ancient and modern translations of the Bible, it comprises both its proto- and its deutero-canonical parts, both of which have an equal right to be considered as inspired, and to be included in a treatment of the Book of Daniel. Daniel, Charles - Founded the "Etudes de théologie et d' histoire", a magazine with monthly publication. (1818-1893) Dalton, John - Irish author and translator from Spanish and German, born in 1814; died at Maddermarket, Norwich, 15 February, 1874. Dalley, William Bede - Lawyer and statesman, born in Sydney, New South Wales, 1831; died there 28 October, 1888. Dancing - The origin of dancing is from the natural tendency to employ gesture either to supplement or to replace speech. Daniel, Gabriel - Historian and controversialist, born at Rouen, France, 8 Feb., 1649; died at Paris, 23 June, 1728. Dabrowski, Joseph - Founder of Sts. Cyril and Methodius Seminary in Detroit. (d. 1903) Damietta - An Egyptian titular see for the Latins and the Catholic Melchite Greeks, in Augustamnica Prima. Disciples of Christ - A sect founded in the United States of America by Alexander Campbell. Direction, Spiritual - Personal guidance according to individual needs. Criticizes excesses at both ends of the spectrum: heavyhanded directors, and people who think that since they have the Holy Spirit they have no need of human help. De Lisle, Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps - Born 17 March, 1809; died 5 March, 1878. Durandus of Saint-Pourçain - Philosopher and theologian. (d. 1332) Doyle, Richard - English artist and caricaturist, b. in London, September, 1824; d. there 11 December, 1883. Durer, Albrecht - German artist. (1471-1528) Darrell, William - Theologian, b. 1651, in Buckinghamshire, England; d. 28 Feb., 1721, at St. Omer's, France. Donation of Constantine - By this name is understood, since the end of the Middle Ages, a forged document of Emperor Constantine the Great, by which large privileges and rich possessions were conferred on the pope and the Roman Church. Darnis - Titular see of Libya. Dalgairns, John Dobree - Born in the island of Guernsey, 21 Oct., 1818; d. 6 April, 1876, at St. George's Retreat, Burgess Hill, near Brighton, England. Dacier, André - A French philologist, born at Castres, 6 April, 1651; died 18 September, 1722. Dates and Dating - In classical Latin even before the time of Christ it was usual for correspondents to indicate when and where their letters were written. Dositheans - Followers of Dositheus, a Samaritan who formed a Gnostic-Judaistic sect, previous to Simon Magus. Duponceau, Peter Stephen - Jurist and linguist. (1760-1844) Drechsel, Jeremias - Ascetic writer, b. at Augsburg, 15 August, 1581; entered the Society of Jesus 27 July, 1598; d. at Munich, 19 April, 1638. Dantine, Maurus - Benedictine of the Congregation of Saint-Maur, and chronologist, born at Gourieux near Namur, Belgium, 1 April, 1688; died in the monastery of the "Blancs-Manteaux", Paris, 3 November, 1746. Daniel of Winchester - Bishop of the West Saxons, and ruler of the See of Winchester from 705 to 744; died in 745. Daniel, John - Priest and professor, Born 1745; died in Paris, 3 October, 1823. Damberger, Joseph Ferdinand - Church historian, born 1 March, 1795, at Passau, Bavaria; died 1 April, 1859, at Schäftlarn. De La Croix, Charles - Missionary, b. at Hoorbeke-St-Corneille, Belgium, 28 Oct., 1792; d. at Ghent, 20 Aug., 1869. Da Ponte, Lorenzo - Poet, b. at Cenada, Italy, 1749; d. in New York, 17 Aug., 1838. Dansara - A titular see in Osrhoene. Duran, Narcisco - Franciscan missionary. (1776-1846) Dalberg, Adolphus von - Prince-Abbot of Fulda and founder of the university in the same city, born 29 May, 1678; died 3 November, 1737. Dardanus - A titular see in the province of Hellespont, suffragan of Cyzicus. David, Armand - Missionary priest and zoologist, b. 1826; d. 1900. D'Avenant, Sir William - Poet and dramatist, b. Feb., 1605-6, at Oxford, England; d. in London, 7 April, 1668. Dease, Thomas - Bishop of Meath, born in Ireland, 1568; died at Galway, 1651. Deacons - The name means only minister or servant, and is employed in this sense both in the Septuagint (though only in the book of Esther, and in the New Testament. Dean - One of the principal administrative officials of a diocese. Dynamism - A general name for a group of philosophical views concerning the nature of matter. Decalogue - The term employed to designate the collection of precepts written on two tables of stone and given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. Divorce (in Civil Jurisprudence) - Defined in jurisprudence as "the dissolution or partial suspension by law of the marriage relation". Daulia - A titular see of Greece. Death, Preparation for - Includes the steps taken, such as calling a priest, winding up earthly affairs, and confession. Duhamel, Jean-Baptiste - A French scientist, philosopher, and theologian, b. at Vire, Normandy, 11 June, 1624; d. at Paris, 6 August, 1706. David, Gheeraert - Painter and illuminator. (1450-1523) Decapolis - Name given in the Bible and by ancient writers to a region in Palestine lying to the east and south of the Sea of Galilee. Dablon, Claude - Jesuit missionary, born at Dieppe, France, in February, 1618; died at Quebec, 3 May, 1697. Divine Office - Brief essay on the historical development of the Liturgy of the Hours. Drusilla - Daughter of Herod Agrippa I. Dupin, Pierre-Charles-François - French mathematician and economist. (1784-1873) Daubrée, Gabriel-Auguste - French geologist, b. at Metz, 25 June, 1814; d. at Paris, 29 May, 1896. Definitions, Theological - An irrevocable decision, by which the supreme teaching authority in the Church decides a question appertaining to faith or morals, and which binds the whole Church. Du Lhut Daniel Greysolon, Sieur - Born at Saint-Germain-en-Laye about 1640; died at Montreal, 26 Feb., 1710. He first served in the French army, becoming a lieutenant in 1657 and a gendarme of the King's Guard in 1664. De Profundis - "Out of the depths". First words of Psalm 129. Deaconesses - Offers history and functions. Dax, Diocese of - Suppressed French diocese. Dareste de la Chavanne, Antoine-Elisabeth - Historian and professor, b. in Paris, 25 October, 1820; d. at Lucenay-lès-Aix, 6 August, 1882. Dagon - A Philistine deity. De Smet, Pierre-Jean - Missionary among the North American Indians, b. at Termonde (Dendermonde), Belgium, 30 Jan., 1801; d. at St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A., 23 May, 1873. Deduction - An argument or reasoning process, that kind of mediate inference by which from truths already known we advance to a knowledge of other truths necessarily implied in the former; the mental product or result of that process. Also a method, the deductive method, by which we increase our knowledge through a series of such inferences. Decretals, Papal - In the wide sense the term decretalis signifies a pontifical letter containing a decretum, or pontifical decision. In a narrower sense it denotes a decision on a matter of discipline. In the strictest sense of the word, it means a rescript, an answer of the pope when he has been appealed to or his advice has been sought on a matter of discipline. Decree - In a general sense, an order or law made by a superior authority for the direction of others. In ecclesiastical use it has various meanings. Any papal Bull, Brief, or Motu Proprio is a decree inasmuch as these documents are legislative acts of the Holy Father. Drusipara - A titular see in Thracia Prima. Delaware Indians - An important tribal confederacy of Algonquian stock originally holding the basin of the Delaware River, in Eastern Pennsylvania. Deharbe, Joseph - Theologian, catechist, b. at Straburg, Alsace, 11 April, 1800; d. at Maria-Laach, 8 November, 1871. Delfau, François - Theologian, born 1637 at Montel in Auvergne, France; died 13 Oct., 1676. Denzinger, Heinrich Joseph Dominicus - Theologian of the modern Catholic German school and author of the "Enchiridion" universally used, b. 10 Oct., 1819, at Liege; d. 19 June, 1883. Downside Abbey - Near Bath, Somersetshire, England, was founded at Douai, Flanders, under the patronage of St. Gregory the Great, in 1605 by the Venerable John Roberts. Durrow, School of - Irish Dairmagh, Plain of the Oaks. Situated in the King's County, a few miles from the town of Tullamore. Delaroche, Hippolyte - Painter, born at Paris, 17 July, 1797; died 4 November, 1856. De L'Orme, Philibert - Celebrated architect of the French Renaissance, born at Lyons, c. 1515 or a little later; died at Paris, 8 January, 1570. Dei gratia; Dei et Apostolicæ Sedis gratia - A formulæ added to the titles of ecclesiastical dignitaries. Delcus - A titular see of Thrace, suffragan of Philippopolis. Domenechino - Italian painter. (1581-1641) Delatores - A term used by the Synod of Elvira (c. 306) to stigmatize those Christians who appeared as accusers of their brethren. Dead Sea - The name given to the lake that lies on the south-eastern border of Palestine. Delrio, Martin Anton - Scholar, statesman, Jesuit theologian, born at Antwerp, 17 May, 1551; died at Louvain, 19 October, 1608. Deity - This article is confined to the non-Christian notion of the Deity. Demetrius - The name of two Syrian kings mentioned in the Old Testament and two other persons in the New Testament. Delegation - A delegation is the commission to another of jurisdiction, which is to be exercised in the name of the person delegating. Jurisdiction is defined as the power of anyone who has public authority and pre-eminence over others for their rule and government. Decorations, Pontifical - The titles of nobility, orders of Christian knighthood and other marks of honour and distinction which the papal court confers upon men of unblemished character who have in any way promoted the interests of society, the Church, and the Holy See. Divine Compassion, Institute of the - Founded in the city of New York, USA, by the Rt. Rev. Thomas Stanislaus Preston. Darras, Joseph-Epiphane - Church historian, b. at Troyes, France, 1825; d. at Paris, Nov. 8, 1878. Delfino, Pietro - A theologian, born at Venice in 1444; died 16 Jan., 1525. Degradation - A canonical penalty by which an ecclesiastic is entirely and perpetually deprived of all office, benefice, dignity, and power conferred on him by ordination; and by a special ceremony is reduced to the state of a layman, losing the privileges of the clerical state and being given over to the secular arm. Deger, Ernst - Historical painter, born in Bockenem, Hanover, 15 April, 1809; died in Düsseldorf, 27 Jan., 1885. Deluge - A catastrophe fully described in Gen., vi, 1-ix, 19. Delille, Jacques - French abbé and litterateur, born at Aigueperse, 22 June, 1738; died at Paris, 1 May, 1813. Denis, Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael - Bibliographer and poet, b. at Schärding, Bavaria, 27 September, 1729; d. at Vienna, 29 Sept., 1800. Dens, Peter - Theologian, b. at Boom, near Antwerp, Belgium, 12 September, 1690; d. at Mechlin, 15 February, 1775. Demonology - The science or doctrine concerning demons. Denman, William - Publisher, b. in Edinburgh, Scotland, 17 March, 1784; d. in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A., 12 September, 1870. Demon - In Scripture and in Catholic theology this word has come to mean much the same as devil and denotes one of the evil spirits or fallen angels. Deposition - An ecclesiastical vindictive penalty by which a cleric is forever deprived of his office or benefice and of the right of exercising the functions of his orders. Dead, Prayers for the - Catholic teaching regarding prayers for the dead is bound up inseparably with the doctrine of purgatory and the more general doctrine of the communion of the saints, which is an article of the Apostle's Creed. Díaz de Solís, Juan - Spanish navigator and explorer, b. about 1470. Delisle, Guillaume - Reformer of cartography, born 28 February, 1675, in Paris; died there 25 January, 1726. Definitor (in Canon Law) - An official in secular deaneries and in certain religious orders. Deo Gratias - An old liturgical formula of the Latin Church to give thanks to God for graces received. Davila Padilla - Writer, Bishop of Santo Domingo. A native of the City of Mexico, b. 1562; d. 1604. Dolbeau, Jean - Recollect friar, born in the Province of Anjou, France, 12 March, 1586; died at Orléans, 9 June, 1652. Denver - A suffragan of the Archdiocese of Santa Fé, erected in 1887. Demoniacs - Article concerned with the demonic possession in the New Testament. Dereser, Anton - Discalced Carmelite, born at Fahr in Franconia, 3 February, 1757; died at Breslau, 15 or 16 June, 1807. Dollinger, Johann Joseph Ignaz von - Historian and theologian. (1799-1890) Defender of the Matrimonial Tie - An official whose duty is to defend the marriage-bond in the procedure prescribed for the hearing of matrimonial causes which involve the validity or nullity of a marriage already contracted. Desclée, Henri and Jules - Nineteenth-century Belgian monks. Desecration - The loss of that peculiar quality of sacredness, which inheres in places and things in virtue of the constitutive blessing of the Church. Derogation - The partial revocation of a law, as opposed to abrogation or the total abolition of a law. Despair - The voluntary and complete abandonment of all hope of saving one's soul and of having the means required for that end. Delta of the Nile, Prefecture Apostolic of the - Situated in the north of Egypt and comprises four of the six provinces forming Lower Egypt, namely: Gharbieh, Charkieb, Menufieh, and Kalyiubieh. Dubourg, Louis-Guillaume-Valentin - Second Bishop of Louisiana and the Floridas, Bishop of Montauban, Archbishop of Besançon. (1766-1833) Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, Jean - A French dramatist and novelist, born in Paris, 1595, died there, 1676. Determinism - A name employed by writers, especially since J. Stuart Mill, to denote the philosophical theory which holds, in opposition to the doctrine of free will, that all man's volitions are invariably determined by pre-existing circumstances. Dechamps, Adolphe - Belgian statesman and publicist, brother of Cardinal Dechamps, born at Melle near Ghent, 17 June, 1807, died at Manage, 19 July, 1875. Deschamps, Nicolas - Polemical writer, born at Villefranche (Rhône), France, 1797; died at Aix-en-Provence, 1872. Dogmatic Fact - Any fact connected with a dogma and on which the application of the dogma to a particular case depends. Derbe - A titular see of Lycaonia, Asia Minor. Denis, Joseph - The first Canadian to join the Recollects of the Friars Minor. (1657-1736) Denza, Francesco - Italian meteorologist and astronomer, b. at Naples, 7 June, 1834; d. at Rome, 14 December, 1894. Detraction - The unjust damaging of another's good name by the revelation of some fault or crime of which that other is really guilty or at any rate is seriously believed to be guilty by the defamer. Divine Redeemer, Daughters of the - Motherhouse at Oedenburg, Hungary; founded in 1863 from the Daughters of the Divine Saviour of Vienna. Deusdedit, Cardinal - Joined the Benedictine Order and became a zealous promoter of ecclesiastical reforms in the latter half of the eleventh century. Deuteronomy - This term occurs in Deut., xvii, 18 and Jos., viii, 32, and is the title of one of the five books of the Pentateuch. Desert - The word wilderness, which is more frequently used than desert of the region of the Exodus, more nearly approaches the meaning of the Hebrew. Devolution - The right of an ecclesiastical superior to provide for a benefice, when the ordinary patron or collator has failed to do so, either through negligence or by the nomination of an improper candidate. Devoti, Giovani - Canonist, born at Rome, 11 July, 1744; died there 18 Sept., 1820. Devil - The name commonly given to the fallen angels, who are also known as demons. With the article (ho) it denotes Lucifer, their chief, as in Matthew 25:41, "the Devil and his angels". Demiurge - The word means literally a public worker, demioergós, demiourgós, and was originally used to designate any craftsman plying his craft or trade for the use of the public. Soon, however, technítes and other words began to be used to designate the common artisan while demiurge was set aside for the Great Artificer or Fabricator, the Architect of the universe. Deza, Diego - Patron of Columbus. (1444-1523) Deymann, Clementine - Priest and prison chaplain. Born at Klein-Stavern, Oldenburg, Germany, 24 June, 1844; died at Phoenix, Arizona. Dempster, Thomas - Savant, professor, and author. (1579-1625) Diano - Diocese and small city in the province of Salermo, Italy; the ancient Tegianum and seat of the Tegyani, a tribe of Lucania. Dingley, Ven. Sir Thomas - Martyr, prior of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, found guilty of high treason 28 April, 1539, and beheaded on Tower Hill, 9 July, together with the Blessed Sir Adrian Fortescue. Devereux, John C. - Irish immigrant to New York. (1774-1848) Dias, Bartolomeu - A famous Portuguese navigator of the fifteenth century, discoverer of the Cape of Good Hope; died at sea, 29 May, 1500. Dechamps, Victor Augustin Isidore - Cardinal, Archbishop of Mechlin, and Primate of Belgium; born at Melle near Ghent 6 Dec., 1810; died 29 Sept., 1883, at Mechlin. Dhuoda - Wife of Bernard, Duke of Septimania. Detroit - Diocese established 8 March, 1838. Suffragan of Cincinnati. Diepenbrock, Melchior, Baron von - Cardinal and Prince-Bishop of Breslau, b. 6 January, 1798, at Boeholt in Westphalia; d. at the castle of Johannisberg in Upper Silesia, 20 January, 1853. Desault, Pierre-Joseph - Surgeon and anatomist, b. at Magny-Vernois a small town of Franche-Comté, France, in 1744; d. 1 June, 1795. Denunciation - Making known the crime of another to one who is his superior. Despretz, César-Mansuète - Chemist and physicist, b. at Lessines, Belgium, 11 May, 1798; d. at Paris, 11 May, 1863. Dicconson, Edward - Titular Bishop of Malla, or Mallus, Vicar Apostolic of the English Northern District; b. 30 Nov., 1670; d. 5 May, 1752. Definitors (in Religious Orders) - Generally speaking, the governing council of an order. Diceto, Ralph de - Dean of St. Paul's, London, and chronicler. Didache - A short treatise which was accounted by some of the Fathers as next to Holy Scripture. Didron, Adolphe-Napoleon - Also called Didron aîné; archaeologist; together with Viollet-le-Duc and Caumont, one of the principal revivers of Christian art in France; b. 13 March, 1806, d. 13 November, 1867. Diego y Moreno, Francisco Garcia - First bishop of California, b. 17 Sept., 1785, at Lagos in the state of Jalisco, Mexico; d. 30 April, 1846, at Santa Barbara. Didascalia Apostolorum - A treatise which pretends to have been written by the Apostles at the time of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts, xv), but is really a composition of the third century. Denmark - History includes politics, religion, literary, and art. Donahoe, Patrick - Publisher, born at Munnery, County Cavan, Ireland, 17 March, 1811; died at Boston, U.S.A., 18 March, 1901. Dialectic - Greek dialektike (techne or methodos), the dialectic art or method, from dialegomai I converse, discuss, dispute; as noun also dialectics; as adjective, dialectical. Dicastillo, Juan de - Jesuit theologian. (1584-1653) Devil Worship - Fathers and theologians explain the matter as, the fallen angels besides tempting and assailing men in other ways have, by working on their fears or exciting their cupidity, brought them to give worship to themselves under the guise of idols. Diether of Isenburg - Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, b. about 1412; d. 7 May, 1482, at Aschaffenburg. Devereux, Nicholas - Born near Enniscorthy, Ireland, 7 June, 1791; died at Utica, New York, 29 Dec., 1855, was the youngest brother of John C. Devereux. Didymus the Blind - Layman, one of the principal opponents of Arianism. Born about 310-313; died about 395-398. Didot - Preacher, writer, and educator, b. 17 March, 1840, at Touvet (Isère), France; d. 13 March, 1900, at Toulouse. Díaz del Castillo, Bernal - Spanish historian, one of the chief chroniclers of the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, b. at Medina del Campo, Spain, c. 1498; d. after 1568. Diepenbeeck, Abraham van - An erudite and accomplished painter of the Flemish School, b. at Bois-le-Duc in the Netherlands, 1599; d. at Antwerp, 1675. Dieringer, Franz Xaver - Catholic theologian, b. 22 August, 1811, at Rangeningen (Hohenzollern-Hechingen); d. 8 September, 1876, at Veringendorf. Digby, Kenelm Henry - Writer, b. in Ireland, 1800; d. at Kensington, Middlesex, England, 22 March, 1880. Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite - Article on the identity of the mysterious Pseudo-Areopagite, his writings, and their influence. Deus in Adjutorium Meum Intende - These words form the introductory prayer to every Hour of the Roman, monastic, and Ambrosian Breviaries, except during the last three days of Holy Week, and in the Office of the Dead. Díaz, Pedro - Missionary, b. at Lupedo, Diocese of Toledo, Spain, in 1546; d. in Mexico, 12 Jan., 1618. Diemoth - An old German word for the present "Demuth", the English "humility", was the name of a pious recluse at the monastery of Wessobrunn in Upper Bavaria, b. about 1060 of a noble Bavarian or Swabian family; d. 30 March, probably in 1130. De Rossi, Giovanni Battista - Christian archaeologist, best known for his work in connection with the Roman catacombs. (1822-1894) Diocese - The territory or churches subject to the jurisdiction of a bishop. Desservants - The name of a class of French parish priests. Durandus, William - Canonist and writer. (1237-1296) Diaconicum - In the Greek Church, the liturgical book specifying the functions of the deacon. Diekamp, Wilhelm - Historian, b. at Geldern, 13 May, 1854; d. at Rome, 25 Dec., 1885. Digby, Sir Everard - Born 16 May, 1578, died 30 Jan., 1606. Succeeded in his fourteenth year to large properties in the Counties of Lincoln, Leicester, and Rutland. Desains, Paul-Quentin - Physicist, b. at St-Quentin, France, 12 July, 1817; d. at Paris, 3 May, 1885. Dies Irae - Name by which the sequence in requiem Masses is commonly known. Divine Savior, Society of the - Founded at Rome, 8 Dec., 1881, by Johann Baptist Jordan (b. 1848 at Gartweil im Breisgau), elected superior general as Father Francis Mary of the Cross. Diocesan Chancery - That branch of administration which handles all written documents used in the official government of a diocese. Denifle, Heinrich Seuse - Paleographer and historian. (1844-1905) Divine Providence, Sisters of - Includes several orders by this name. Divine Charity, Daughters of - Founded at Vienna, 21 November, 1868, by Franziska Lechner (d. 1894) on the Rule of St. Augustine, and approved by the Holy See in 1884 and definitively confirmed 22 July, 1891. Diodorus of Tarsus - Date of birth uncertain; d. about A.D. 392. He was of noble family, probably of Antioch. St. Basil calls him a "nursling" of Silvanus, Bishop of Tarsus, but whether this discipleship was at Antioch or at Tarsus is not known. Dioclea - A titular see of Phyrgia in Asia Minor. Deutinger, Martin - Philosopher and religious writer, b. in Langenpreising, Bavaria, 24 March, 1815; d. at Pfäfers, Switzerland, 9 Sept., 1864. Diognetus, Epistle to - An apology for Christianity cited by no ancient or medieval writer, and came from a single manuscript which perished in the siege of Strasburg (1870). Dillon, Arthur-Richard - A French prelate, b. at St-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, 1721; d. in London, 1806. Diaspora - The name given to the countries (outside of Palestine) through which the Jews were dispersed, and secondarily to the Jews living in those countries. Duprat, Antoine & Guillaume - Antoine, chancellor of France and Cardinal, b. at Issoire in Auvergne, 17 January, 1463; d. 1535. Guillaume, son of the foregoing, b. at Issoire, 1507; d. at Beauregard, 1560. Appointed Bishop of Clermont in 1529. Dumetz, Francisco - Date of birth unknown; died 14 Jan., 1811. He was a native of Mallorca (Majorca), Spain, where he entered the Franciscan Order. Daguesseau, Henri-François - Chancellor of France, born at Limoges, 27 November, 1668; died at Paris, 5 February, 1751. Dillingen, University of - Located in Swabia, a district of Bavaria. Its founder was Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg (1543-1573). Discernment of Spirits - In the restricted sense, spirits indicate the various spiritual agents which, by their suggestions and movements, may influence the moral value of our acts. Doctors, Surnames of Famous - Lists the principal surnames with the dates of death. Dietenberger, Johann - Theologian, b. about 1475 at Frankfort-on-the-Main, d. 4 Sept., 1537, at Mainz. Didon, Henri - Preacher, writer, and educator, b. 17 March, 1840, at Touvet (Isère), France; d. 13 March, 1900, at Toulouse. Discipline, Ecclesiastical - Various meanings discussed. Disparity of Cult - A diriment impediment introduced by the Church to safeguard the sanctity of the Sacrament of Marriage. Dimissorial Letters - Letters given by an ecclesiastical superior to his subjects to have effect in territory outside his jurisdiction. Diocaesarea - Information on several places by this name. Digby, George - Second Earl of Bristol, b. at Madrid, Spam, where his father, the first earl, was ambassador, l612; d. at Chelsea, England, 1677. Diptych - A sort of notebook, formed by the union of two tablets, placed one upon the other and united by rings or by a hinge. Digne - Diocese comprising the entire department of the Basses Alpes; suffragan of the Archbishopric of Aix. Dionysius Exiguus - According to his friend and fellow-student, Cassiodorus, though by birth a Scythian, he was in character a true Roman and thorough Catholic, most learned in both tongues i.e., Greek and Latin, and an accomplished scripturist. Dispersion of the Apostles - A feast in commemoration of the missionary work of the Twelve Apostles. Divine Charity, Society of - Founded at Maria-Martental near Kaisersesch, in 1903 by Josepth Tallmanns. Divorce (in Moral Theology) - The subject is treated here under two distinct heads: First, divorce in moral theology; second, divorce in civil jurisprudence. Divine Word, Society of the - The first German Catholic missionary society established. It was founded in 1875 during the period of the Kulturkampf at Steyl, near Tegelen, Holland, by a priest, Rev. Arnold Janssen (d. 15 January, 1909), for the propagation of the Catholic religion among pagan nations. Duquesnoy, François - Sculptor. (1594-1646) Dioceses (Supplemental List) - Brief details of dioceses that were too new to have articles about them in 1914. Dupuytren, Baron Guillaume - French anatomist and surgeon. (1777-1835) Divine Charity, Sisters of - Founded at Besançon, in 1799, by a Vincentian Sister, and modelled on the Sisters of Mercy of St. Vincent de Paul. Dreams, Interpretation of - Theologians continue to admit the possibility of dreams supernatural in their origin, and consequently the possibility of dream-interpretation depending on supernatural communications. Dominis, Marco Antonio de - Dalmatian ecclesiastic, apostate, and man of science, b. on the island of Arbe, off the coast of Dalmatia, in 1566; d. in the Castle of Sant' Angelo, Rome, September, 1624. Dignitary, Ecclesiastical - A member of a chapter, cathedral or collegiate, possessed not only of a foremost place, but also of a certain jurisdiction. Diplomatics, Papal - The word diplomatics denotes in English the science of ancient official documents, more especially of those emanating from the chanceries of popes, kings, emperors, and other authorities possessing a recognized jurisdiction. Donatello Di Betto Bardi - One of the great Tuscan sculptors of the Renaissance, born at Florence, c. 1386; died there, 13 Dec., 1466. Discipline of the Secret - A theological term used to express the custom which prevailed in the earliest ages of the Church, by which the knowledge of the more intimate mysteries of the Christian religion was carefully kept from the heathen and even from those who were undergoing instruction in the Faith. Distributions - Canonically termed disturbtiones quotidianae, are certain portions of the revenue of a church, distributed to the canons present at Divine service. Donation (in Civil Law) - The gratuitous transfer, or gift, of ownership of property. Diocletianopolis - A titular see of Palaestina Prima. Donation (in Canon Law) - The gratuitous transfer to another of some right or thing. Disciple - This term is commonly applied to one who is learning any art or science from one distinguished by his accomplishments. Dicuil - Irish monk and geographer, b. in the second half of the eighth century; date of death unknown. Directories, Catholic - Directorium simply means guide, but in the later Middle Ages it came to be specially applied to guides for the recitation of Office and Mass. Dissentis, Abbey of - Benedictine monastery in Switzerland. Dudik, Beda Franciscus - Moravian historian, b. at Kojetein near Kremsier, Moravia, 29 January, 1815; d. as abbot and titular bishop at the monastery of Raigern, 18 January, 1890. Dives - Latin for rich. The word is not used in the Bible as a proper noun; but in the Middle Ages it came to be employed as the name of the rich man in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus, Luke, XVI, 19-31. Dixon, Joseph - Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland, born at Coalisland, Co. Tyrone, in 1806; died at Armagh, 29 April, 1866. Doctrine of Addai - Syriac document which relates the conversion of Edessa. Ducrue, Francis Bennon - Missionary in Mexico, b. at Munich, Bavaria. of French parents, 10 June 1721; d. there 30 March, 1779. Domitiopolis - A titular see of Isauria in Asia Minor. Dispensation - An act whereby in a particular case a lawful superior grants relaxation from an existing law. Discussions, Religious - Oral dialectical duels, more or less formal and public, between champions of divergent religious beliefs. Dithmar - Bishop of Merseburg and medieval chronicler, b. 25 July, 975; d. 1 Dec., 1018. Doctors of the Church - Certain ecclesiastical writers have received this title on account of the great advantage the whole Church has derived from their doctrine. Dolci, Carlo - Painter, born in Florence, Italy, 25 May, 1616; died 17 January, 1686. Docimium - A titular see of Phrygia in Asia Minor. Dumas, Jean-Baptiste - French chemist and senator, b. at Alais, department of Gard, 14 July, 1800; d. at Cannes, 10 April, 1884. Divisch, Procopius - Premonstratensian, b. at Senftenberg, Bohemia, 26 March, 1698; d. at Prenditz, Moravia, 21 December, 1765. Dobmayer, Marian - Benedictine theologian, born 24 October, 1753, at Schwandorf, Bavaria; died 21 December, 1805. Divination - The seeking after knowledge of future or hidden things by inadequate means. Dietrich von Nieheim - Born in the Diocese of Paderborn, between 1338 and 1340; d. at Maastricht, 22 March, 1418, a medieval German historian, best known for his contributions to the history of the Western Schism. Dissen, Heinrich von - Carthusian monk. (1415-1484) Dominical Letter - A device adopted from the Romans by the old chronologers to aid them in finding the day of the week corresponding to any given date, and indirectly to facilitate the adjustment of the "Proprium de Tempore" to the "Proprium Sanctorum" when constructing the ecclesiastical calendar for any year. Domicile - The canon law has no independent and original theory of domicile; both the canon law and all modern civil codes borrowed this theory from the Roman law; the canon law, however, extended and perfected the Roman theory by adding thereto that of quasi-domicile. Douay Bible - The original Douay Version, which is the foundation on which nearly all English Catholic versions are still based, owed its existence to the religious controversies of the sixteenth century. Doutreleau, Stephen - Missionary, born in France, 11 October, 1693; date of death uncertain. Dominic of Prussia - A Carthusian monk and ascetical writer, born in Poland, 1382; died at the monastery of St. Alban near Trier, 1461. Dorsey, Anne Hanson - Novelist, born at Georgetown, District of Columbia, U.S.A., 1815; died at Washington, 26 December, 1896. Dominus Vobiscum - An ancient form of devout salutation, incorporated in the liturgy of the Church, where it is employed as a prelude to certain formal prayers. Doctrine, Christian - The word katechesis means instruction by word of mouth, especially by questioning and answering. The Apostle insists upon "doctrine" as one of the most important duties of a bishop. Donatus of Fiesole - Irish teacher and poet, Bishop of Fiesole, about 829-876. Domnus Apostolicus - A title applied to the pope, which was in most frequent use between the sixth and the eleventh centuries. Druzbicki, Gaspar - Ascetic writer, b. at Sierady in Poland, 1589; entered the Society of Jesus, 20 August 1609; d. at Posen, 2 April, 1662. Dionysias - A titular see in Arabia. Drach, David Paul - Convert from Judaism, b. at Strasburg, 6 March, 1791; d. end of January, 1868, at Rome. Debt - That which is owed or due to another; in general, anything which one person is under an obligation to pay or render to another. Dupré, Giovanni - Sculptor. (1817-1882) Duc, Fronton du - A French theologian and Jesuit, b. at Bordeaux in 1558; d. at Paris, 25 September, 1624. Diana, Antonino - Moral theologian, born of a noble family at Palermo, Sicily, in 1586; died at Rome, 20 July, 1663. Distraction - Distraction (Lat. distrahere, to draw away, hence to distract) is here considered in so far as it is wont to happen in time of prayer and in administering the sacraments. Dowdall, James - Martyr, date of birth unknown; executed for his faith at Exeter, England, 20 September, 1600. Druidism - Probably the best-substantiated derivation of the word is from the root vid, "to know", and the intensive prefix dru. According to this etymology, the druids would be the "very wise and learned ones". Doxology - The doxology in the form in which we know it has been used since about the seventh century all over Western Christendom, except in one corner. Douglas, Gavin - Scottish prelate and poet, born about 1474; died 1522. Dogma - Signifies, in the writings of the ancient classical authors, sometimes, an opinion or that which seems true to a person; sometimes, the philosophical doctrines or tenets, and especially the distinctive philosophical doctrines, of a particular school of philosophers, and sometimes, a public decree or ordinance, as dogma poieisthai. Detré, William - French missionary. (b. 1668) Dora - A titular see of Palestina Prima. Dualism - Denotes the religious or theological system which would explain the universe as the outcome of two eternally opposed and coexisting principles. Drachma - A Greek silver coin. Dolphin - The use of the dolphin as a Christian symbol is connected with the general ideas underlying the more general use of the fish. The particular idea is that of swiftness and celerity symbolizing the desire with which Christians, who are thus represented as being sharers in the nature of Christ the true Fish, should seek after the knowledge of Christ. Dublin - Archdiocese; occupies about sixty miles of the middle eastern coast of Ireland, and penetrates inland, about forty-six miles, including all the County of Dublin, nearly all of Wicklow, and parts of Kildare and Wexford, with three suffragans: Kildare and Leighlin, Ferns, and Ossory. Druzes - Small Mohammedan sect in Syria, notorious for their opposition to the Marionites, a Catholic people dwelling on the slopes of the Lebanon. Doctor - The title of an authorized teacher. Doubt - A state in which the mind is suspended between two contradictory propositions and unable to assent to either of them. Duel - This word, as used both in the ecclesiastical and civil criminal codes, generally signifies every contest with deadly weapons which takes place by agreement between two persons on account of some private quarrel. Dove - In Christian antiquity the dove appears as a symbol and as a Eucharistic vessel. Dupanloup, Félix-Antoine-Philibert - Bishop of Orléans, France, b. at Saint-Félix; Savoie, 2 June, 1802; d. at Lacombe, Isère, 11 October, 1878. Dacca - Diocese in Bengal, India. Dandolo, Enrico - Doge of Venice from 1192 to 1205; died, aged about a hundred years, in 1205. Davenport, Christopher - Theologian, b. 1598, at Coventry, England, d. 31 May, 1680. Demers, Modeste - Missionary in Pacific Northwest. (1809-1871) Dongan, Thomas - Second Earl of Limerick, b. 1634, at Castletown Kildrought, now Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland; d. at London, 1715. Denaut, Pierre - Tenth Bishop of Quebec, b. at Montreal, 20 July, 1743; d. at Longueuil in 1806. Durand Ursin - Benedictine. (1682-1771) Discalced - A term applied to those religious congregations of men and women, the members of which go entirely unshod or wear sandals, with or without other covering for the feet. Dioscorus - Antipope. (d. 530) Dioscorus - Fifth-century Bishop of Alexandria. Dahomey - The Vicariate Apostolic of Dahomey, in West Africa, is territorially identical with the French colony of the same name. Dobrizhoffer, Martin - Missionary, b. in Graz, Styria, 7 Sept., 1717; d. in Vienna, 17 July 1791. Doliche - A titular see of Commagene (Augusto-Euphratesia). Dominic of the Mother of God - A member of the Passionist Congregation and theologian, b. near Viterbo, Italy, 22 June, 1792; d. near Reading, England, 27 August, 1849. Donders, Peter - Missionary among the lepers, b. at Tilburg in Holland, 27 Oct., 1807; d. 14 Jan., 1887. Donner, Georg Raphael - Austrian sculptor, b. at Essling, Austria, 25 May, 1692; d. at Vienna, 15 February, 1741. Dorylaeum - A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, in Asia Minor. Douai - The town of Douai, in the department of Nord, France, is on the River Scarpe, some twenty miles south of Lille. Duffy, Sir Charles Gavan - Politician and author, b. at Monaghan, Ireland, 12 April, 1816; d. at Nice, France, 9 Feb., 1903. Dallas - Diocese created in 1890, comprising 108 counties in the northern and north-western portion of the State of Texas, U.S.A. Dalmatia - A part of the Kingdom of Croatia according to a convention entered into between Croatia and Hungary. Damão - Suffragan to Goa, and situated in Portuguese India and the British Government of Bombay. Damaraland - The middle part of the German colony, German Southwest Africa. Damasus II, Pope - A native of Bavaria and the third German to be elevated to the See of Peter. Danti, Vincenzo - Sculptor, brother of Ignazio, b. at Perugia, 1530; d. 24 May, 1576. Darboy, Georges - Archbishop of Paris and ecclesiastical writer, b. at Fayl-Billot, near Langres, 1813; killed by Communists at Paris, 24 May, 1871. Dardel, Jean - Friar Minor of the French province of the order, chronicler of Armenia in the fourteenth century, adviser and confessor to King Leo V (or VI) of Armenia. Daumer, Georg Friedrich - German poet and philosopher, b. at Nuremberg, 5 March, 1800; d. at Wurzburg, 14 December, 1875. Davenport - Diocese erected 8 May, 1881, in the four southern tiers of counties in Iowa. David of Augsburg - Medieval German mystic, b. probably at Augsburg, Bavaria, early in the thirteenth century; d. at Augsburg, 19 November, 1272. David of Dinant - A pantheistic philosopher who lived in the first decades of the thirteenth century. David Scotus - A medieval Irish chronicler, date of birth unknown; d. 1139. Dawson, Aeneas McDonnell - Author, b. in Scotland, 30 July, 1810; d. in Ottawa, Canada, 29 Dec., 1894. Day, George - Bishop of Chichester; b. in Shropshire, England, c. 1501; d. 2 August, 1556. Day, John Charles, Sir - Jurist, b. near Bath, England, 1826; d. 13 June, 1908, at Newbury. Decker, Hans - A German sculptor of the middle of the fifteenth century. Dedication - A term which, though sometimes used of persons who are consecrated to God's service, is more properly applied to the "setting aside" of places for a special and sacred purpose. Dedication, Feast of the - Also called the Feast of the Machabees and Feast of Lights. Delaware - One of the original thirteen of the United States of America. Denes - An aboriginal race of North America, also called Athapaskans and known earlier among earlier ethnologists as Tinne or Tinneh. Denonville, Seigneur and Marquis de - Governor of New France, born in 1638 at Denonville in the department of Eure-et-Loir, France; died 1710. De Paul University - In Chicago, the outgrowth of St. Vincent's College, which opened in Sept., 1898. Derry - Includes nearly all the County Derry, part of Donegal, and a large portion of Tyrone, Ireland; it is a suffragan of Armagh. Derry, School of - This was the first foundation of St. Columba, the great Apostle of Scotland, and one of the three patron saints of Ireland. Deschamps, Eustache - Also called Morel, on account of his dark complexion; b. at Vertus in Champagne between 1338 and 1340; d. about 1410. Desurmont, Achille - Ascetical writer, b. at Tourcoing, France, 23 Dec., 1828; d. 23 July, 1898. Devas, Charles Stanton - Political economist, b. at Woodside, Old Windsor, England, of Protestant parents, 26 August, 1848; d. 6 November, 1906. De Vere, Aubrey Thomas Hunt - Poet, critic, and essayist, b. at Curragh Chase, County Limerick, Ireland, 10 January, 1814; died there, 21 January, 1902. Diakovár - See of the Bishop of the united Dioceses of Bosnia or Diakovár and Syrmia. Diamantina - Located in the north of the state of Minas Geraes, Brazil, South America; created under the Brazilian Empire, 10 Aug., 1853, and confirmed by the Holy See, 6 June, 1854. Diario Romano - A booklet published annually at Rome, with papal authorization, giving the routine of feasts and fasts to be observed in Rome and the ecclesiastical functions to be performed in the city. Dijon - Diocese comprising the entire department of Côte-d'Or and is a suffragan of Lyons. Dolman, Charles - Publisher and bookseller, b. at Monmouth, England, 20 Sept., 1807; d. in Paris, 31 December, 1863. Dolores Mission - Or Mission San Francisco De Asis De Los Dolores. Dome - An architectural term often used synonymously with cupola. Domenech, Emmanuel-Henri-Dieudonne - Abbe, missionary and author, b. at Lyons, France, 4 November, 1826; d. in France, June, 1886. Dominican Republic - The eastern, and much larger political division of the island now comprehensively known as Haiti, which is the second in size of the Greater Antilles. Donlevy, Andrew - Educator, b. in 1694, probably in Sligo, Ireland; date and place of death uncertain. Donnet, Ferdinand-François-Auguste - A French cardinal, b. at Bourg-Argental (Loire), 1795; d. at Bordeaux, 1882. Donus, Pope - Son of a Roman called Mauricius; he was consecrated Bishop of Rome 2 Nov., 676, to succeed Adeodatus II, after an interval of four months and seventeen days; d. 11 April, 678. Dorchester, Abbey of - Founded in 1140 by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln. Dore, Pierre - Controversialist, b. at Orleans about 1500; d. at Paris, 19 May, 1559. Doria, Andrea - Genoese admiral and statesman, b. at Oneglia, Italy, 1468; d. at Genoa, 1560. Doring, Matthias - Historian and theologian, b. between 1390 and 1400, at Kyritz, in Brandenburg; d. there 24 July, 1469. Dorman, Thomas - Theologian, b. at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England, date uncertain; d. at Tournai, 1572 or 1577. Dornin, Bernard - First publisher in the United States of distinctively Catholic books, b. in Ireland, 1761; d. in Ohio, 1836. Dosquet, Pierre-Herman - Fourth Bishop of Quebec, b. at Liège, Flanders, 1691; d. at Paris, 1777. Dossi, Giovanni - An Italian painter, b. about 1479; d. at Ferrara in 1542. Dowdall, George - Archbishop of Armagh, b. at Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland, in 1487; d. at London, 15 August, 1558. Dower - A provision for support during life accorded by law to a wife surviving her hustand. Dower, Religious - Because of its analogy with the dower that a woman brings to her husband when she marries, the name "religious dower" has been given to the sum of money or the property that a religious woman, or nun (religiosa) brings, for her maintenance, into the convent where she desires to make her profession. Down and Connor - A line drawn from Whitehouse on Belfast Lough due west to the Clady River, thence by the river itself to Muckamore and Lough Neagh, marks the boundary between the Diocese of Down and the Diocese of Connor. Doyle, James Warren - Irish bishop; b. near New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland, 1786; d. at Carlow, 1834. Dracontius, Blossius Aemilius - A Christian poet of the fifth century. Drane, Augusta Theodosia - In religion Mother Francis Raphael; b. At Bromley near London, in 1823; d. at Stone, Staffordshire, 19 April, 1894. Dresden - The capital of the Kingdom of Saxony and the residence of the royal family, is situated on both sides of the Elbe. Dreves, Lebrecht Blücher - Poet, b. at Hamburg, Germany, 12 September, 1816; d. at Feldkirch, 19 Dec., 1870. Drevet Family, The - Leading portrait engravers of France for over a hundred years, beginning with Pierre, and sustained by his son, Pierre-Imbert, and by his nephew, Claude. Drexel, Francis Anthony - Banker, b. at Philadelphia, U.S.A., 20 June, 1824; d. there 15 Feb., 1885. Drey, Johann Sebastian von - A professor of theology at the University of Tübingen. (1777-1853) Dromore - Suffragan of Armagh, Ireland. Droste-Vischering, Clemens August von - Archbishop of Cologne, born 21 Jan., 1773, at Münster, Germany; died 19 Oct., 1845, in the same city. Druillettes, Gabriel - Missionary, b. in France, 29 September, 1610; d. at Quebec, 8 April, 1681. Drumgoole, John C. - Priest and philanthropist, b. at Granard, Co. Longford, Ireland, 15 August, 1816; d. in New York, 28 March, 1888. Druys, Jean - Thirtieth Abbot of Parc near Louvain, Belgium, b. at Cumptich, near Tirlemont; d. 25 March, 1635. Dryburgh Abbey - A monastery belonging to the canons of the Premonstratensian Order (Norbertine or White Canons), situated four miles south-east of Melrose, Scotland. Du Cange, Charles Dufresne - Historian and philologist, b. at Amiens, France, 18 Dec., 1610; d. at Paris, 1688. Du Coudray, Philippe-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Tronson - Soldier, b. at Reims, France, 8 September, 1738; d. at Philadelphia, U.S.A., 11 September, 1777. Dubois, Guillaume - A French cardinal and statesman, born at Brive, in Limousin, 1656; died at Versailles, 1723. Dubois, Jean-Antoine - French missionary in India, b. in 1765 at St. Remèze (Ardèche); d. in Paris, 17 Feb., 1848. Dubuque - Archdiocese established, 28 July, 1837, created an archbishopric, 1893, comprises that part of Iowa, U.S.A., north of Polk, Jasper, Poweshiek, Iowa, Johnson, Cedar, and Scott, and east of Kossuth, Humboldt, Webster, and Boone Counties. Duluth - Diocese, established 3 Oct., 1889, suffragan of the Archdiocese of St. Paul. Dumoulin, Charles - French jurist, b. at Paris in 1500; d. there 27 December, 1566. Dunbar, William - Scottish poet, sometimes styled the "Chaucer of Scotland", born c. 1460. Dundrennan, Abbey of - In Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland; a Cistercian house founded in 1142 by King David I and Fergus Lord of Galloway for monks brought from Rievaulx in Yorkshire. Dunedin - Diocese comprises the provincial district of Otago (including the Otago part, Southland, and Stewart Island, as well as other adjacent islands). Dunfermline, Abbey of - In the south-west of Fife, Scotland. Founded by King Malcolm Canmore and his queen, Margaret, about 1070, it was richly endowed by him and his sons, and remodelled as a Benedictine abbey by his successor, David I, who brought an abbot and twelve monks from Canterbury. Dunin, Martin von - Archbishop of Gnesen and Posen, born 11 Nov., 1774, in the village of Wat near the city of Rawa, Poland; died 26 Dec., 1842. Dunkeld - Located in Scotland, constituted, as far back as the middle of the ninth century, the primatial see of the Columban Church by King Kenneth Mac Alpine, who rebuilt there the church and monastery founded by King Constantine (afterwards destroyed by the Danes), and translated thither St. Columba's relics. Duperron, Jacques-Davy - A theologian and diplomat, born 25 Nov., 1556, at St-Lô (Normandy), France; died 5 Sept., 1618. Dupin, Louis Ellies - A theologian, born 17 June, 1657, of a noble family in Normandy; died 6 June, 1719. Durandus, William, the Younger - Died 1328, canonist, nephew of the famous ritualist and canonist of the same name. Durandus of Troarn - French Benedictine and ecclesiastical writer, b. about 1012, at Le Neubourg near Evreux; d. 1089. Durango - Archdiocese located in north-western Mexico. Durazzo - Archdiocese in Albania. Durham - Ancient Catholic Diocese of Durham. Owing to its geographical position on the Scottish border, the successive bishops were led to assume constitutional and political functions in addition to their spiritual office. Dyck, Antoon (Anthonis) Van - Flemish portrait-painter, b. at Antwerp, 22 March, 1599; d. in London, 9 December, 1641. Dymoke, Robert - Confessor of the Faith, date of birth uncertain; d. at Lincoln, England, 11 Sept., 1580. Desertion - Brief explanation of the different situations to which this concept applies in canon law. Deshon, George - Paulist priest, died in 1903. Dibon - A Latin titular see. The site is mentioned in Scripture, and is near Damascus.