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In Belize, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the Caribbean Islands there is the Garifuna culture, numbering approximately 500,000 people. The Garifuna are descendants of Kalinagu who were Guianas of South America. Nigerian slaves escaped from a slave ship that had run aground near St. Vincent in 1675. These black people were assimilated into the native culture of the Caribs and their offspring were known as "Black Caribs" or Garifuna. These people went into Honduras, and then later, because of the political climate, migrated to Belize around 1893. This is celebrated as Garifuna Day or Settlers' Day. In Guatemala there are less that 4,000 Garifuna living in Livingston, Guatemala. They are a cultural minority, being neither Latinos or Indians. There are now also Garifuna communities in the Bronx and Los Angeles. -- from Minnesota State University
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El Espíritu de mi Mamá (The Spirit of my Mother) - Film about a young Garifuna woman raised in Los Angeles, who travels to the Caribbean after her mother's death. Includes annotated list of links about the culture, with Spanish-language notes on the music and movie reviewers' comments. Pen Cayetano and the Original Turtle Shell Band - RootsWorld article provides background on punta rock's development, with reviews of several of the band's albums. National Garifuna Council of Belize - Non-governmental organization which works to preserve culture and to carry out projects with the national government. They describe Garifuna history by city, explain traditions, and list events. Lebeha Drumming Center - Hopkins Village, Belize. Teaches local children traditional music, and offers concerts each night. Garifuna Migration Teacher's Guide - Lesson plans for studying the Garifuna migration, as well as exploring the roots of students' own families. Belize - The Exile's Song - The World's report on Garifuna music, with a personal account by the reporter, photos, audio samples of several styles, and background information on the culture. Paranda - The producer's site for this audio collection of traditional musicians includes audio clips, photos, and biographies of the artists. Garinet - A portal with an array of links for contemporary Garifuna news, issues, culture, and organizations. Garifuna: Vibrant, Soulful, African - Personal account of a visit to Livingston, Belize, and of a New York City food and music gathering. Includes descriptions of seafood and coconut dishes, with recipes. Language Planning in a Transnational Speech Community - Paper describing the current situation of the Garifuna language by country, with a discussion of the challenges and actions in maintaining the language across dispersed countries with varied dominant languages. Garifuna American Heritage Foundation United - Southern California group seeking to preserve and disseminate Garifuna culture. They list upcoming fundraisers and concerts, with news stories and links to related groups. The Garifuna - Weaving a Future from a Tangled Past - Excerpts from a National Geographic article, with personal notes from the writer and photographer, music samples, and map.
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