Therapeutic Touch (TT), defined by the Nurse Healers-Professional Associates International, Inc., is a contemporary interpretation of several ancient healing practices and is an intentionally directed process of energy exchange during which the practitioner uses the hands as a focus to facilitate healing. It was developed in the early 1970's by Dolores Krieger PhD., RN, and Dora Kunz, a natural healer. It is grounded in nursing research.