(1908-1992), Avignon, France. Influential French composer, teacher of both Karlheinz Stockhausen and Pierre Boulez, many of his compositions were influenced by Roman Catholic theology. His Quatuor pour la fin du temps was written for performance by himself and fellow prisoners of war in a Nazi camp. It continues to be one of his most performed works. Literal transcriptions of bird calls are an important element in his compositions.